Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-05-08
Abstract： Purpose/Significance This paper starts from the field of humanities and social sciences, and compares the model performance of humanities and social sciences from the aspects of basic knowledge and academic texts of humanities and social sciences. It aims to provide a systematic large language model evaluation benchmark for the field of humanities and social sciences for the reference of researchers in humanities and social sciences related fields. Methods/Processes Seven evaluation tasks related to the field of humanities and social sciences were designed and corresponding indicators were selected. On this basis, the current open-source and high-performance general-purpose domain Chinese large language models were selected to complete the domain-specific tasks in the form of questions and answers by invoking the local models, and their performance in the field of humanities and social sciences was quantitatively evaluated by selecting relevant indicators. Results/Conclusions The evaluation results show that among the open-source models selected in this paper, Qwen has the best performance, followed by Baichuan2, InternLM, and Atom is the worst performer in both the base model and the dialog model; moreover, in most cases, the dialog model shows more superior performance compared to the base model.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-05-06
Abstract： ［Purpose/Significance］Clarifying the evolution mechanism of online public opinion dissemination has become an important part of strengthening cyberspace governance and maintaining social harmony and stability.［Method/Process］Based on the SEIRS model incorporating immune degradation rate and considering the influence of topic derivation rate and external intervention, the improved SEIRS model was constructed, and the simulation experiment and analysis of negative emotion propagation examples were carried out in MATLAB and Netlogo simulation environment.［Result/Conclusion］The correlation index R2 between the theoretical solution of the improved SEIRS model and the simulation results of Netlogo is close to 1, indicating that the model has strong explanatory ability. Because some microblog comment data only contain pure expression, there are some errors in the analysis of emotion.The method in this paper can more truly reflect the change of negative emotion communication between the derivative topic and the original topic, and provide a useful reference for the relevant departments to timely intervene in the development trend of online public opinion and effectively restrain the negative emotion communication and public opinion risks.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-05-06
Abstract： Research objective Improving the accuracy of online public opinion event risk prediction in universities is of great significance for maintaining national security and social stability. Research method Based on the popularity and comments of online public opinion events in colleges and universities on Weibo platform, this study proposed a public opinion risk model based on the popularity of public opinion events and sentiment analysis results. The Grey Wolf algorithm combined with LSTM was used as a prediction model to analyze the evolution of online public opinion risks in colleges and universities, and analyzed and verified with cases. Research Conclusion This paper builds a whole-chain online public opinion analysis framework in universities. The model has more comprehensive considerations, high prediction accuracy and fitting degree, and can fully reflect the risk situation and changes of actual public opinion. The analysis of prevention and control evolution shows that using the model to predict public opinion can control public opinion events in time and prevent continuous fermentation. The research shows that the model can well reflect and predict the degree and change of public opinion risk, and the average absolute error is 13.8% in the verification event. At the same time, the importance and necessity of online public opinion prediction in universities are demonstrated by the evolutionary analysis of the model.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-30
Abstract： The Bradford law of bibliographic scattering is a fundamental law in bibliometrics and can provide valuable guidance to academic libraries in literature search and procurement. However, the Bradford curves can take various shapes at different time points and there is still a lack of causal explanation for it, so the prediction of its shape is still an open question. This paper attributes the deviation of Bradford curve from the theoretical J-shape to the integer constraints of the journal number and article number, and extends the Leimkuhler and Egghe’s formula to cover the core region of very productive journals, where the theoretical journal number of which fall below one. The key parameters of the extended formula are identified and studied by using the Simon-Yule model. The reasons for the Groos Droop are explained and the critical point for the shape change are studied. Finally, the proposed formulae are validated with the empirical data found in the literature. It is found that the proposed method can be used to predict the evolution of Bradford curves and thus guide the academic library for scientific literature procurement and utilization.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： Abstract: Objective This paper reviews the relevant progress of semantic novelty research at home and abroad, and summarizes the relevant technologies to provide reference for the subsequent research. Coverage Using retrieval methods such as Novelty of the literature , semantic novelty , literature novelty , semantic novelty and literature evaluation , after reading and sorting, this paper traced the source of representative relevant theoretical researches, and finally selected 70 literatures for review. Methods This paper summarizes the relevant researches on semantic novelty at home and abroad, and analyzes the development status and future trend of semantic novelty evaluation in scientific and technological literature by focusing on the definition of novelty, evaluation indexes of novelty and different evaluation methods. Results Semantic novelty evaluation has gradually attracted widespread attention from the academic community. There have been related studies on semantic content mining and evaluation, but no unified measurement index has yet been formed. Limitations The existing literature novelty is mostly evaluated from external features, while the number of literatures directly focusing on semantic novelty is small, which has limitations in supporting the review. Conclusions The evaluation of semantic novelty of scientific and technological literature is based on the novelty of content. Quantitative research has become the mainstream research method, but the calculation method of evaluation index needs to be clarified, and the development direction of novelty evaluation should be combined with qualitative and quantitative methods to achieve a scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-21
Abstract： Purpose/Significance As a new type of production factor, data factor, together with other factors, constitutes a total factor and provides an important driving force for global economic and social development. Data factor is a major theoretical innovation proposed for the first time in China, and it is important to systematically collect, sort out and analyze the representative results of data factor research in China, so as to build a knowledge framework system of data factor with Chinese characteristics, which will provide reference and inspiration for the theoretical research and practical exploration of data factor worldwide. Method/Process It mainly adopts network survey, literature research and content analysis method to summarize 56 representative literature contents, 14 policy reports and experts’ opinions on data element research in China, and comb and analyze them in four aspects, namely, connotation interpretation, value release, operation mechanism and governance system. Result/Conclusion China’s data elements research results are fruitful, the knowledge framework system is basically formed, and certain progress has been made in the realization of value and market cultivation, but there is still much room for improvement in the effective operation of data elements and the governance of data elements, and future research needs to focus on coordinating and promoting the construction of the governance system of data elements and promoting the combination with the application scenarios so as to play the multiplier effect.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-19
Abstract： While computer modeling and simulation are crucial for understanding scientometrics, their practical use in literature remains somewhat limited. In this study, we establish a joint coauthorship and citation network using preferential attachment. As papers get published, we update the coauthorship network based on each paper’s author list, representing the collaborative team behind it. This team is formed considering the number of collaborations each author has, and we introduce new authors at a fixed probability, expanding the coauthorship network. Simultaneously, as each paper cites a specific number of references, we add an equivalent number of citations to the citation network upon publication. The likelihood of a paper being cited depends on its existing citations, fitness value, and age. Then we calculate the journal impact factor and -index, using them as examples of scientific impact indicators. After thorough validation, we conduct case studies to analyze the impact of different parameters on the journal impact factor and -index. The findings reveal that increasing the reference number or reducing the paper’s lifetime significantly boosts the journal impact factor and average -index. On the other hand, enlarging the team size without introducing new authors or decreasing the probability of newcomers notably increases the average -index. In conclusion, it is evident that various parameters influence scientific impact indicators, and their interpretation can be manipulated by authors. Thus, exploring the impact of these parameters and continually refining scientific impact indicators are essential. The modeling and simulation method serves as a powerful tool in this ongoing process, and the model can be easily extended to include other scientific impact indicators and scenarios.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-18
Abstract： Purpose/Significance The aim is to construct a mutation index to measure the innovation of academic papers, providing a reference for improving the evaluation system of academic paper innovation. Method/Process A large language model (LLM), Mistral-openorca, is utilized to extract the research questions and methods from papers. The mutation index is constructed based on two dimensions: the similarity of research questions and methods to existing studies, and the extent to which they stimulate subsequent research. Result/Conclusion Papers with high innovation scores generally have a higher citation frequency; among the top 10 ranked papers by innovation, seven introduced original methods or tools, whereas papers in the bottom 10 ranked by innovation had more mature research topics and methods at the time of publication, with lower levels of innovation; the correlation coefficient between the innovation score of the papers and their citation frequency is 0.530, and empirical research results further confirm the effectiveness of the mutation index proposed in this paper in measuring the innovation of academic papers.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-18
Abstract： Purpose/Significance In the context of Artificial Intelligence + and Digital Education , many primary and secondary school students have already started using smartphones for information searching and leisure entertainment. However, there is still a lack of extensive research on the current situation of smartphone usage among primary school students and their digital literacy. This study conducts a survey on digital habits and digital literacy among primary school students in China, comparing samples from developed and underdeveloped regions, with the aim to provide a basis for the design of information technology curricula for primary school students and to offer suggestions for improving digital literacy in the new era. Research Design/Method This study collected data on the digital habits and digital literacy of upper primary school students using a questionnaire survey method, resulting in 701 valid responses. Based on this, methods such as descriptive statistics, difference testing, clustering, and text encoding were used to describe and compare the current situation of digital habits and literacy among primary school students. Conclusion/Findings Primary school students exhibit rich and good digital habits and have a certain level of digital literacy, but there is room for improvement in digital skills, digital awareness, and digital learning intentions. Significant differences are also noted between students from underdeveloped and developed regions. Innovation/Value This research fills the gap in surveys on digital habits and literacy among primary school students and proposes suggestions for cultivating correct digital habits and improving digital education policies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-18
Abstract： Abstract: Purpose/Significance Examining the effect of policy signals on corporate environmental information disclosure behavior is of great significance for the government to formulate policies, for the enhancement of corporate social responsibility, and for investors to make decisions. Method/Process An econometric model was constructed by constructing an indicator system, extracting policy signals, measuring media attention, adding control variables to identify research variables, and performing descriptive statistics; The sequential test regression coefficient method was used to test the effect of policy signaling on environmental information disclosure and the mediating effect of media attention; The sample is divided into state-owned enterprises and private enterprises to test the different strengths of the role of industrial policy signals on corporate environmental disclosure under different property rights. Results/Conclusions It is concluded that policy signals drive firms’ willingness to disclose environmental information, disclosure compliance and the extent of environmental governance disclosure, but they are not related to the extent of environmental liability disclosure; The mechanism of industrial policy’s effect on corporate disclosure is influenced by the media’s attention to the firm; The nature of firms’ property rights can have a heterogeneous impact on the driving effect of policy signals.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-18
Abstract： Abstract: Purpose/Significance The independent knowledge system is an integration of disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system. The construction and refinement of China’s independent knowledge system in intelligence science is an inevitable requirement for the development of Chinese characteristic intelligence science and the needs of the times. Method/Process Academic journals serve as an important vehicle for the independent knowledge system of intelligence science in China. In this study, we selected 3173 intelligence science literature published in academic core journals between 2014 and 2023 as the subjects of observation. We conducted a thorough analysis of the academic core journals that published intelligence science articles, the themes set by these journals, and the frequency of keywords. We employed bibliometric and content analysis methods and utilized CiteSpace software for visualization observation to present the internal structure and general framework of China’s independent knowledge system in intelligence science. Result/Conclusion In the era of digital intelligence, the innovation of autonomous knowledge in Chinese intelligence studies focuses on exploring technology and emerging technologies as the guiding intelligence tools, researching intelligence work in the context of big data, studying intelligence application systems in the era of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence, and constructing disciplines of intelligence studies in this context.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-18
Abstract： Abstract: Purpose/Significance With the rapid development of social informatization, the spread scope and influence of online public opinions are constantly expanding. The analysis of public opinion intention is helpful for government departments to monitor and manage public opinion and create a healthy network environment. This study aims to sort out the development context and frontier trends in the field of public opinion intention recognition, provide direction for future research on public opinion intention recognition, and promote the development and application of the discipline. Method/Process This study discusses the current research status in the field of public opinion intention recognition, defines the concept and sources of public opinion intention recognition, and summarizes the technical methods, application fields, challenges and development directions of public opinion intention recognition. Result/Conclusion It is found that the current intention recognition of public opinion is mainly applied to the research of opinion leaders, early warning of public emergencies, public opinion governance and education. At the same time, the false information in online public opinion, the ambiguity of network language and the limited big data resources bring challenges to the recognition of public opinion intention. In the future, the process of public opinion intention recognition should focus on false information recognition, implicit information mining, algorithm and resource improvement.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-17
Abstract： Purpose/Significance Medical device products are the products of clinical scientific research results transformation and knowledge innovation management. As one of the main competition tracks in the science and technology industry, the strength of medical science and technology is an important aspect to measure the country’s overall scientific research ability and environment. Knowledge innovation drives industrial development, product structure reflects the level of knowledge management, and knowledge management involving frontier science and technology is closely related to national strategic planning. From the perspective of product theme mining and evolution sharing, it is of great strategic significance for enterprises and countries to look into the current situation of domain technical knowledge management. Method/Process A comprehensive approach to technical topic identification and analysis is adopted in this study. Through the application of LDA algorithm in the field of machine learning, potential technical topics are identified and clustered from the medical device product data, and then the distribution characteristics and change rules of technical topics in different periods are analyzed. The future technology trend is predicted quantitatively by using hidden Markov model. Using this combination method, the topic distribution, evolution law and future trend of innovative medical devices from 2014 to 2023 are deeply studied. Result/Conclusion 38 technical topics were identified and sorted out using domestic approved innovative medical device product data. The results show the deep development of genetic testing and implanted electrical stimulator technology. Disease diagnosis, surgical navigation and biological mesh are the focus of future technological innovation and product competition. However, from the perspective of quantitative characteristics, China’s research and development strength is relatively weak, and the innovation ability is in a weak position, which needs to attract the attention of enterprise technology research and development institutions and the government.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-16
Abstract： The most special kind of asset in the era of digital economy is data, data as a factor of production and enterprise assets, has become the new era of China’s production of core elements, is the core engine of the digital economy, data elements not only to promote the traditional factors of production revolutionary fusion and fission and thus produce a multiplier effect, but also to improve the allocation efficiency of the traditional factors to drive the economy to accelerate the development of innovation. However, data circulation and trading as a key link in the market-oriented configuration of data elements lacks effective practice, this paper starts from the perspective of information management, takes Shanghai Data Exchange as an example, and provides a sample reference for the realization path of data asset for enterprises from the three aspects of institutional safeguard, infrastructure construction, and platform operation mechanism, through which the study aims to improve the awareness of enterprises to pay more attention to data elements and the value excavation and use of data assets. Through this study, we aim to raise the awareness of enterprises to pay more attention to data elements, pay more attention to the value excavation and use of data assets, and devote ourselves to the effective realization of resource integration and optimization, so as to effectively promote the high-quality development of our economy.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-14
Abstract： Purpose/Significance In order to address the issues of poor interactivity and low security in traditional electronic medical record big data resources, this paper proposes a blockchain-based electronic medical record big data sharing solution that is decentralized, tamper-proof, and encrypted. Method/Process Firstly, the application of current blockchain technology in the medical field is analyzed. Then, the demands for electronic medical records in the medical market are collected through questionnaire surveys and interviews. Based on this, a five-level blockchain-based electronic medical record big data resource sharing solution is proposed, which incorporates mechanisms such as asymmetric encryption technology, consensus mechanism, and smart contracts. Results/Conclusions This solution reshapes the process of sharing medical big data resources and further improves the application of blockchain in the secure storage and sharing of medical data. It can serve as a reference for relevant companies, hospitals, and researchers.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-11
Abstract：
Abstract: Research objective With the wide application of generative artificial intelligence in cyberspace, the content security risks surrounding its industrial chain have become increasingly prominent. From the model layer to the application layer, it has continuously impacted the original content supply security and content generation ecology, and has further spread from the content domain to gradually affect many fields such as politics, law and ethics. The content security in cyberspace faces multiple challenges such as traditional risks, new risks and potential risks brought by generative artificial intelligence. Therefore, content governance for generative AI is particularly important. Research methods Based on the heterogeneous construction of people and technology in the actor network theory, at this stage, we should build a governance actor network oriented to content security risks, emphasizing the core decision maker position of government departments in pre-risk prevention, regular risk supervision, immediate disposal and effective reconstruction afterwards. And bring into play the governance effectiveness of heterogeneous actors such as algorithms and institutional texts. Research Conclusion In the specific governance path, an executable multi-actor network system with government departments as the leading force, text collaboration as the path support, risk identification as the behavior orientation, context construction as the reconstruction principle, and content security risks of generative artificial intelligence as the main line of governance is formed to jointly deal with the content security challenges brought by generative artificial intelligence.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-09
Abstract： With the advent of the era of intelligent media, traditional information transmission is changing, and information transmission is becoming more complex, iterative and uncontrollable, which also brings more online public opinion pressure for universities. This paper builds a model of the influence of time distance and social distance on the re-transmission intention of online public opinions in universities in the age of intelligent media, and verifies the moderating effect of self-efficacy. The results show that: time distance and social distance positively affect the re-transmission intention of online public opinion in universities. Self-efficacy plays a significant role in regulating the relationship between time distance, social distance and the re-transmission intention of online public opinions in universities.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-03 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： Purpose/Significance With the popularity and development of social media, Weibo has become an important information transmission platform. Understanding the law of emergency information transmission based on the characteristics of Weibo users is of great significance for grasping the development trend of events, evaluating the influence of information, and formulating effective response strategies. Methods/Process Selecting typical cases of four types of emergencies (natural disasters, accidents, public health events, and social security events) as the research objects, this paper crawled the user data of the information transmission on the Weibo platform and analyzed the distributions of user gender, user geographical distribution, user attention and fan number and user type of the information transmission for these events, in order to reveal the differences and similarities of the user characteristics and transmission laws for the four types of emergencies. Results/Conclusions As for the similarities of the user characteristics and transmission laws, first, the audiences of the four types of emergencies have obvious regional characteristics, and the users in economically developed provinces generally have a higher attention rate. Second, the transmission users of all types of emergencies are generally concentrated on active users and grassroot users with strong and weak propagation power respectively, accompanied by a small number of authoritative users with strong influence. However, there are differences in the broadness and gender distribution of the audiences for different types of emergencies. First, natural disasters have a wider spread of the audiences and relatively higher attentiveness; accidents and public health events tend to be local events with relatively low attentiveness, whose audiences may be more concentrated in and around the affected areas; the audience spread of social security events is scattered depending on the nature of the event, the scope of influence as well as the communication channels. Second, female users pay more attention to natural disasters, public health events and social security events, while male users pay more attention to accidents, which can be attributed to the different emotional orientations and psychological characteristics associated with users of different genders. These results provide insights for the formulation of targeted guidance strategies for information dissemination. In future studies, we will collect data on other social media platforms, obtain more information on user characteristics through different channels, and introduce more in-depth analysis methods and indicators to comprehensively reveal the dynamic mechanisms of emergency information dissemination, thus improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the research.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-03 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： Purpose/Significance With the development of the Internet and the popularization of smart devices, the scale of social media users around the world is increasing, and social media has become the center of people’s communication, but it also produces a series of negative problems. Digital stress refers to the painful subjective experience of users caused by different stressors in the process of heavy use of social media. At present, most studies on social media focus on users’ social media behaviors. In recent years, digital stress has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. However, most studies discuss the impact of single variables on results from the perspective of linear regression, and few studies focus on the complex mechanism behind digital stress. This study aims to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of social media users’ digital stress in order to further understand the path of digital stress and provide reference for relieving users’ digital stress. Method/Process This paper adopted a mixed research method combining grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis. First, 21 users were selected as interview objects, interview data were coded, and theoretical models were constructed. Second, a questionnaire was designed according to the theoretical model and 262 questionnaires were collected. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method was used to analyze the questionnaire data and explore the formation path of social media users’ digital stress. Results/Conclusions There were 9 influencing factors of social media users’ digital stress: overuse, technology intrusion, information overload, communication load, fear of missing out, approval anxiety, social expectation, digital coping skills and self-control. They were classified into four dimensions: technology, social, environment and personal characteristics. There are six paths that trigger digital stress, among which overuse and fear of missing out are the key factors leading to high-level digital stress, technology intrusion and information overload are the important conditions for digital stress, and digital coping skills and self-control have no significant effects. At the same time, this paper has some limitations. First, the end point and result variable of this paper is the digital pressure of social media users, focusing on the factors that affect the generation of digital pressure and how the combination of factors and variables ultimately leads to the generation of results. Less attention is paid to user behavior. Although some attention is paid in the interview, antecedent variables are emphasized in the analysis. Future studies can take users’ social media usage behavior into consideration to explore the whole process formation mechanism of influencing factors-digital pressure-user behavior. In addition, most of the research samples are young users of social media, and users of other age groups are less involved. In the future, the research samples should be further expanded to improve the universality of the research conclusions.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-04-03 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： Purpose/Significance Today, the methods of global technology cooperation have become diversified, while the patterns of knowledge and resource flows have become networked. The way knowledge flows between science and technology and promotes innovation is a hot topic in informatics research. Under such circumstances, the transfer and flow of technical knowledge has become increasingly important for the creation of new technologies and the generation of new knowledge. It can provide potential solutions for solving technical problems and generating technological competitive advantages. This study reveals the structural characteristics of the knowledge flow network between science and technology from a micro perspective, and provides new ideas for discovering new knowledge flow and communication channels, understanding the links between science and technology, and exploring innovation breakthroughs. Method/Process This paper adopts a multi-perspective approach and exames technical knowledge citation, scientific knowledge citation, and the intersection of scientific knowledge. Specifically, the study focuses on patent-patent citation, patent-paper citation, and paper-discipline co-occurrence, and uses a multi-layer network method to develop a science-technology (S&T) knowledge flow micro-network analysis framework. Through this framework, knowledge flow patterns between science and technology can be comprehensively explored. An empirical study was conducted in the field of genetically modified corn to investigate the knowledge flow patterns between science and technology. Using a multi-layered network model, this study aims to explore the relationship between science and technology from three different perspectives. Results/Conclusions The results of the study suggest that technology nodes that absorb multidisciplinary knowledge are more likely to engage in knowledge diffusion or absorption. Additionally, knowledge flow is more likely to occur between the technology nodes corresponding to two interdisciplinary subjects. The analytical framework proposed in our study can reveal the characteristics of knowledge flow from a micro perspective, and can identify two types of knowledge flow structures in the empirical case of genetically modified corn, which extends and enriches existing research on knowledge flow. In the future, the S&T knowledge flow research framework proposed in this study has the potential to be further extended and widely applied by incorporating different types of knowledge subjects, enriching knowledge attribute factors, and expanding knowledge flow paths. For instance, the research framework can be extended to broader fields to explore the relationship between knowledge flow patterns and the characteristics of these fields. It can also be used to explore knowledge flow patterns and potential technological breakthroughs at different flow levels and innovation themes. Such research can serve as a basis for innovation policy and provide theoretical support for the development of strategies and technology research directions.
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